Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from renal tubular cells of a patient with Alport syndrome.

Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from renal tubular cells of a patient with Alport syndrome.

Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary disease that leads to kidney failure and is caused by mutations in the COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 genes that lead to the absence of collagen α3α4α5 (IV) networks in the mature kidney glomerular basement membrane. Approximately 80% of AS is X-linked because of mutations in COL4A5, the gene encoding the alpha 5 chain of type IV collagen.

To investigate the pathogenesis of AS at the genetic level, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from renal tubular cells of a patient with AS. The successful iPSC generation laid the foundation to master the repair of the COL4A5 gene and to evaluate the differentiation of iPSC into Sertoli cells and the accompanying epigenetic changes at each stage. The generation of iPSCs from AS patients not only confirms that iPSCs could be generated from renal tubular cells, but also provides a novel type of genetic therapy for AS patients. In this study, we generated iPSCs from renal tubular cells via ectopic expression of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, c-myc, and Klf4).

Gram Positive Bacteria Antibody

10-2778 1 mg
EUR 537.6
Description: Purified Gram Positive Bacteria Monoclonal

Gram Positive Bacteria Antibody

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EUR 537.6
Description: Purified Gram Positive Bacteria Monoclonal

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abx021739-1mg 1 mg
EUR 1220.4

Gram Positive Bacteria Antibody

abx021740-1mg 1 mg
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Mouse antibody for Gram + bacteria LTA

3802 100 ug
EUR 386.26
Description: This is purified Mouse monoclonal antibody against Gram + bacteria LTA for WB, ELISA.

Mouse antibody for Gram + bacteria LTA

3803 100 ug
EUR 386.26
Description: This is purified Mouse monoclonal antibody against Gram + bacteria LTA for WB, ELISA.

Mouse antibody for Gram + bacteria LTA

3811 100 ug
EUR 386.26
Description: This is purified Mouse monoclonal antibody against Gram + bacteria LTA for WB, ELISA.

Antibody for Bacteria HSP16.6 (Cyanobacteria)

SPC-307D 0.1ml
EUR 439.2
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HSP16.6 from Bacteria | Cyanobacteria (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803). The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Bacteria Recombinant protein Synechocystis PCC 6803 Hsp16.6 (Class 1). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:5000). This HSP16.6 antibody is unconjugated.

pgRNA- bacteria

PVT10642 2 ug
EUR 361.2

pwtCas9- bacteria

PVT10641 2 ug
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Bacteria lysing CK01

HOM1058 PK50
EUR 238.8

Mouse Anti-Gram Positive Bacteria Monoclonal Antibody

DMAB3443 1 mg
EUR 1606.8

Mouse Anti-Gram Positive Bacteria Monoclonal Antibody

DMAB3444 1 mg
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pdCas9- Bacteria Plasmid

PVT6332 2 ug
EUR 319.2

Mouse antibody for Neisseria gonorrhoeae intact bacteria

6142 100 ug
EUR 386.26
Description: This is purified Mouse monoclonal antibody against Neisseria gonorrhoeae intact bacteria for WB, ELISA.

Mouse antibody for Neisseria gonorrhoeae intact bacteria

6144 100 ug
EUR 386.26
Description: This is purified Mouse monoclonal antibody against Neisseria gonorrhoeae intact bacteria for WB, ELISA.

Mouse antibody for Neisseria gonorrhoeae intact bacteria

6145 100 ug
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Description: This is purified Mouse monoclonal antibody against Neisseria gonorrhoeae intact bacteria for WB, ELISA.

Bacteria Genomic DNA Kit

20-abx098080
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  • 2 rxns
  • 50 rxns

AFS.22HF BACTERIA FILTER

HFBCTFAFS EACH
EUR 257.2

Bacteria RNA Plus Reagent

R402-01 20 ml
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HOM1096 PK25
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Native Bacteria Achromopeptidase

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QPCR Kit DNA Bacteria Domain

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Acid Fast Bacteria Stain Kit

K1424-125 each
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Acid Fast Bacteria Stain Kit

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Counting Chamber Helber Bacteria

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QPCR Kit DNA Bacteria DomaiMmix

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Rapid Bacteria RNA Isolation Kit

BS8625 50Preps
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12 Test System for Neg Bacteria

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Acid Fast Bacteria (AFB) Stain Kit

FAB-1 125 ml ea.
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Acid Fast Bacteria (AFB) Stain Kit

FAB-2 30 ml ea.
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Acid Fast Bacteria (AFB) Stain Kit

FAB-500 500 ml ea.
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Petrifilm Lactic Acid Bacteria Plates

6462 PK500
EUR 1084.8

Bacteria Genomic DNA Kit (No RNase A)

abx098240-50rxns 50 rxns
EUR 276

Bacteria beta Galactosidase (GLB1) Protein

abx670038-5mg 5 mg
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Ribo-off rRNA Depletion Kit (Bacteria)

N407-01 12 rxn
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Ribo-off rRNA Depletion Kit (Bacteria)

N407-02 24 rxn
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Rapid Bacteria Genomic DNA Isolation Kit

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FastPure Bacteria DNA Isolation Mini Kit

DC103 100 rxn
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FastPure Bacteria DNA Isolation Mini Kit

DC103-01 100 rxns
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EZ E1 (RNA-Be-Locked) Solution- Bacteria

RT91712 25ml
EUR 87.14

Ribo-off rRNA Depletion Kit V2 (Bacteria)

N417-01 12 rxns
EUR 220

Ribo-off rRNA Depletion Kit V2 (Bacteria)

N417-02 24 rxns
EUR 388.8

Genorise® Bacteria DNA Extraction Kit 1000

GR101014 1000
EUR 1045

Genorise® Bacteria DNA Extraction Kit 500

GR101061 500
EUR 480

Genorise® Bacteria DNA Extraction Kit 200

GR101062 200
EUR 258

Genorise® Bacteria DNA Extraction Kit 100

GR101063 100
EUR 144

Genorise® Bacteria DNA Extraction Kit 50

GR101064 50
EUR 87

Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria PCR kit

PCR-V281-48D 50T
EUR 543.6

Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria PCR kit

PCR-V281-96D 100T
EUR 686.4

Prolysol BC Protein extraction buffer, Bacteria

P4100-100 100 rxns
EUR 271.2

One-Tube Bacteria Genomic DNA Isolation Kit

BS8413 100preps
EUR 94.72

One-Tube Bacteria Genomic DNA Isolation Kit

BS8414 500Preps, 500prep
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MycoLightâ„¢ Live Bacteria Fluorescence Imaging Kit

22409-100Tests 100 Tests
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Description: The MycoLight™ Live Bacteria Fluorescence Imaging Kit provides an easy and convenient way for visualizing live bacteria through fluorescent microscope.

AnaPrep Bacterial DNA Extraction Kit (48) For extracting genomic DNA from bacteria

Z1322006 1 kit (48 extractions) Including all required plastic disposables
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Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria RT PCR kit

RTq-V281-100D 100T
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Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria RT PCR kit

RTq-V281-150D 150T
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Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria RT PCR kit

RTq-V281-50D 50T
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Bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi) Protein

abx670009-1mg 1 mg
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Bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) Protein

abx670063-1ml 1 ml
EUR 594

Bacteria Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B (botB) Protein

20-abx600049
  • EUR 1011.60
  • EUR 543.60
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  • 100 ug
  • 10 ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 50 ug

MycoLightâ„¢ Flow Cytometric Live Bacteria Assay Kit

22407-100Tests 100 Tests
EUR 334
Description: The MycoLight Flow Cytometric Live Bacteria Assay Kit provides an easy and convenient methodfor evaluating bacterial vitality as a function of the intracellular esterase activity.

96-Well Plate Bacteria Genomic DNA Miniprep Kit

SK1292 2XPlates, 192prep
EUR 210.85

96-Well Plate Bacteria Genomic DNA Miniprep Kit

SK1295 5XPlates, 480prep
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Bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) Protein

abx670256-1ml 1 ml
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MycoLight™ Live Bacteria Fluorescence Imaging Kit

22409 100 Tests
EUR 334

Bacteria Heat Shock Protein 60 /GROEL (HSPD1) Protein

20-abx600003
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  • EUR 4920.00
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  • 100 ug
  • 1 mg
  • 500 ug
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Bacteria Heat Shock Protein 60 /GROEL (HSPD1) Protein

20-abx600015
  • EUR 2414.40
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  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50 ug

Bacteria Heat Shock Protein 60 /GROEL (HSPD1) Protein

20-abx600016
  • EUR 3433.20
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  • 100 ug
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PMA Enhancer for Gram Negative Bacteria, 5X Solution

31038 16ml
EUR 158.4
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 16ml

illustra Bacteria genomicPrep Mini Spin Kit 50 prep

28904258 EACH
EUR 255.6

illustra Bacteria genomicPrep Mini Spin Kit 250 prep

28904259 EACH
EUR 1096.8

MycoLight™ Flow Cytometric Live Bacteria Assay Kit

22407 100 Tests
EUR 334

Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria One-Step PCR kit

Oneq-V281-100D 100T
EUR 1039.2

Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria One-Step PCR kit

Oneq-V281-150D 150T
EUR 1177.2

Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria One-Step PCR kit

Oneq-V281-50D 50T
EUR 861.6

MycoLightâ„¢ Fluorimetric CTC Live Bacteria Quantification Kit

22405-100Tests 100 Tests
EUR 334
Description: The CTC Flow Cytometric Live Bacteria Assay Kit provides an easy and convenient method for evaluating bacterial health and vitality as a function of the respiratory activity.

Mixed Titer Bacteria Panel for Platelets (12 Samples 0.1 mL)

0820000 -
EUR 488

Mixed Titer Bacteria Panel for Platelets (12 Samples 0.1 mL)

820000 12 Samples 0.1 mL
EUR 465

Bacteria Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (with EDTA), 100x Strength

BS381 1ml
EUR 142.48

FastPure Blood/Cell/Tissue/Bacteria DNA Isolation Mini Kit

DC112-01 50 rxns
EUR 63.6

FastPure Blood/Cell/Tissue/Bacteria DNA Isolation Mini Kit

DC112-02 200 rxns
EUR 223.2

EZ-500 Spin Column Bacteria Genomic DNA Maxi-Preps Kit

PT92038 4preps
EUR 146.9

MycoLight™ Fluorimetric CTC Live Bacteria Quantification Kit

22405 100 Tests
EUR 334

Bacteria Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (without EDTA), 100x Strength

BS380 1ml
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MycoLightâ„¢ Rapid Fluorescence Gram-Positive Bacteria Staining Kit

22415-100Tests 100 Tests
EUR 334
Description: AAT Bioquest's MycoLight™ Rapid Fluorescence Gram-Positive Bacteria Staining Kit provides a novel one-step fluorescence assay for the determination of gram sign in living bacteria.

Collagenase (bacterial) antibody

20C-CR6033RP 500 ul
EUR 516
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Collagenase (bacterial) antibody

MycoLight™ Rapid Fluorescence Gram-Positive Bacteria Staining Kit

22415 100 Tests
EUR 334

Rabbit Anti-Haemophilus influenzae, Type B (heat killed, whole bacteria) antiserum

HIB12-S 100 ul
EUR 548.4

NATtrol Pneumonia Panel-Quantifiable Bacteria (17 x 0.2 mL, 3 x 1.2 mL)

NATPPQ-BIO 17 x 0.2 mL, 3 x 1.2 mL
EUR 830

ExoBacteria OMV Isolation Kit (for E.coli and other gram-negative bacteria)

EXOBAC100A-1 20 reactions
EUR 490

NATtrol Pneumonia Panel-Atypical Bacteria & Viruses (12 x 0.2mL, 2 x 1.2 mL)

NATPPA-BIO 12 x 0.2mL, 2 x 1.2 mL
EUR 588

Pepsin (>10,000 U/g), Porcine (low endotoxin, salmonella, and bacteria; industrial grade)

PEP16-100 100 g
EUR 242.4

Pepsin (>10,000 U/g), Porcine (low endotoxin, salmonella, and bacteria; industrial grade)

PEP16-1000 1 kg
EUR 1119.6

Rabbit Anti Bacterial Alkaline Phosphatase Polyclonal Antibody,HRP

CPBT-66804RB 0.5 mg
EUR 1182

M13 Bacteriophage Antibody

abx413452-025mg 0.25 mg
EUR 878.4

Agar Bacterial Tech 2Kg

281210 EACH
EUR 686.4

EasyRNA? Bacterial RNA Kit

K1351-250 each
EUR 1161.6

EasyRNA? Bacterial RNA Kit

K1351-50 each
EUR 444

Bacterial Flagellin

VAdv-Ly0027 50 µg
EUR 9391.2
Description: Bacterial flagellin, a TLR5 agonist vaccine adjuvant.

M13 Bacteriophage Antibody (Biotin)

abx413451-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 1212

Bacterial Recombinant MDH

6357-100 each
EUR 574.8

Bacterial Recombinant GOR

6380-100 each
EUR 548.4

Bacterial RNA Extraction Kit

R403-01 100 rxn
EUR 186

NFNB, bacterial recombinant

7830-100 each
EUR 483.6

Bacterial Recombinant SurA

6381-100 each
EUR 548.4

Live Bacterial Gram Stain Kit - 200 assays

32000-1 1kit
EUR 228
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 1kit

Ricketssia like bacterial PCR kit

PCR-V283-48D 50T
EUR 543.6

Ricketssia like bacterial PCR kit

PCR-V283-96D 100T
EUR 686.4

Bacterial DNA Purification Kit II

K1457-250 250 Preps
EUR 697.2

Bacterial DNA Purification Kit II

K1457-50 50 Preps
EUR 381.6

Ricketssia like bacterial RT PCR kit

RTq-V283-100D 100T
EUR 860.4

Ricketssia like bacterial RT PCR kit

RTq-V283-150D 150T
EUR 969.6

Ricketssia like bacterial RT PCR kit

RTq-V283-50D 50T
EUR 717.6

Bacterial Collagenase Assay Kit

3014 1 kit
EUR 700.32
Description: Bacterial Collagenase Assay Kit

CMCC (F) 98003 Standard bacterial Strains

S0088 100 ul
EUR 438

CMCC (B) 44102 Standard bacterial Strains

S0096 100 ul
EUR 438

CMCC (B) 10104 Standard bacterial Strains

S0097 100 ul
EUR 438

CMCC (B) 51572 Standard bacterial Strains

S0081 100 ul
EUR 438

CMCC (B) 26003 Standard bacterial Strains

S0083 100 ul
EUR 438

CMCC (F) 98001 Standard bacterial Strains

S0084 100 ul
EUR 438

CMCC (B) 54002 Standard bacterial Strains

S0085 100 ul
EUR 438

Human bacterial vaginosis,BV ELISA Kit

201-12-1087 96 tests
EUR 528
Description: A quantitative ELISA kit for measuring Human in samples from biological fluids.

Human Bacterial vaginosis (BV) ELISA Kit

abx052798-96tests 96 tests
EUR 801.6

Human bacterial vaginosis(BV)ELISA Kit

GA-E1103HM-48T 48T
EUR 346.8

Human bacterial vaginosis(BV)ELISA Kit

GA-E1103HM-96T 96T
EUR 559.2

Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit

K309-100 each
EUR 451.2

Human bacterial vaginosis(BV)ELISA Kit

QY-E00922 96T
EUR 433.2

Suez Filter Cartridge Bacterial 0.1um

WAT2274 EACH
EUR 960

Human bacterial vaginosis,BV ELISA Kit

YLA2512HU-48T 48T
EUR 435

Human bacterial vaginosis,BV ELISA Kit

YLA2512HU-96T 96T
EUR 562.5

ReadiUse™ bacterial cell lysis buffer *5X*

24100 10 mL
EUR 109

Native Bacterial Phytase, feed grade, 50,000U/g

NATE-0565 5kg
EUR 855.6

Bacterial Sortase Substrate III, Abz/DNP

HY-P1883 5mg
EUR 782.4

Milk Bacterial DNA Extraction Kit (50prep)

FAMBD-001 50 preps
EUR 328.8

Bacterial Sortase Substrate III, Abz/DNP (TFA)

HY-P1883A 1mg
EUR 300

ReadiUseâ„¢ bacterial cell lysis buffer *5X*

24100-10mL 10 mL
EUR 109
Description: Cell lysis refers to the breaking down of cells, and it is often used to analyze specific cellular compositions such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, reporter molecules, cell signal molecules and other small biomolecules.

Bacterial Protein Extraction Buffer

20010 200 ml
EUR 130
Description: BPS Bacterial Protein extraction Buffer enables extraction of both soluble and insoluble (inclusion bodies) proteins from bacteria. The buffer provides high efficiency recovery of over-expressed proteins and is fully compatible with HIS/GST-tag purification procedures and standard protein concentration determination assays. The buffer can also be used for protein extraction from insect cells.

Bacterial Protein Extraction Buffer

20020 500 ml
EUR 245
Description: BPS Bacterial Protein extraction Buffer enables extraction of both soluble and insoluble (inclusion bodies) proteins from bacteria. The buffer provides high efficiency recovery of over-expressed proteins and is fully compatible with HIS/GST-tag purification procedures and standard protein concentration determination assays. The buffer can also be used for protein extraction from insect cells.

Sushi Peptide S3, bacterial recombinant

7611-100 each
EUR 444

Sushi Peptide S3, bacterial recombinant

7611-1000 each
EUR 1227.6

Sushi Peptide S3, bacterial recombinant

7611-20 each
EUR 183.6

Ricketssia like bacterial One-Step PCR kit

Oneq-V283-100D 100T
EUR 1039.2

Ricketssia like bacterial One-Step PCR kit

Oneq-V283-150D 150T
EUR 1177.2

Ricketssia like bacterial One-Step PCR kit

Oneq-V283-50D 50T
EUR 861.6

MycoLight™ Bacterial Viability Assay Kit

22400 200 Tests
EUR 334

Bacterial Viability and Gram Stain Kit - 200 assays

32001 1kit
EUR 339.6
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 1kit

ATCC16404 Standard bacterial Strains

S0080 100 ul
EUR 438

ATCC13813 Standard bacterial Strains

S0092 100 ul
EUR 438

ATCC27853 Standard bacterial Strains

S0110 100 ul
EUR 438

ATCC10792 Standard bacterial Strains

S0111 100 ul
EUR 438

ATCC19606 Standard bacterial Strains

S0113 100 ul
EUR 438

ATCC25922 Standard bacterial Strains

S0077 100 ul
EUR 438

ATCC25923 Standard bacterial Strains

S0078 100 ul
EUR 438

ATCC17802 Standard bacterial Strains

S0079 100 ul
EUR 438

Mouse Anti M13 Bacteriophage Monoclonal Antibody

DMABT-54839MM 0.25 mg
EUR 1132.8

96 Well Plate Bacterial Total RNA Miniprep Super Kit

BS585 5XPlates, 480prep
EUR 585.38

96 Well Plate Bacterial Total RNA Miniprep Super Kit

BS5852 2XPlates, 192prep
EUR 300.37

3-min Bacterial Total Protein Extraction Kit

P512L - Ask for price

MycoLightâ„¢ Bacterial Viability Assay Kit

22400-200Tests 200 Tests
EUR 334
Description: AAT Bioquest's Mycolight™ Bacterial Viability Assay Kit provides two-color fluorescence assay of bacterial viability in both gram-positive and negative bacterial cell.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Protein-A Protein

20-abx263222
  • EUR 577.20
  • EUR 2148.00
  • EUR 693.60
  • 100 ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug

PMA Real-Time PCR Bacterial Viability Kit - E. coli (uidA)

31050 1kit
EUR 513.6
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 1kit

5X Bacterial Protein Extraction Reagent (Tris)

AKR-180 50mL
EUR 331.2
Description: The Cell Biolabs Bacterial Protein Extraction Reagents contain a gentle, nonionic detergent formulation which quickly extracts functional, recombinant protein from E. coli without mechanical disruption.

Bacterial Counting Colorimetric Assay Kit

K511-2500 each
EUR 744

Bacterial Counting Colorimetric Assay Kit

K511-500 each
EUR 418.8

pC001 - huLshC2C2- MBP for bacterial expression

PVT10645 2 ug
EUR 361.2

EZLys? Bacterial Protein Extraction Reagent

8001-100 each
EUR 157.2

EZLys? Bacterial Protein Extraction Reagent

8001-500 each
EUR 352.8

Bacterial Total Protein Extraction Reagent

abx090632-50100assays 50-100 assays
EUR 309.6

EZ-10 Spin Column Bacterial Genomic DNA Miniprep Kit

BS423 50Preps
EUR 98.36

EZ-10 Spin Column Bacterial Genomic DNA Miniprep Kit

BS624 250preps
EUR 231.86

miRZip-1246 anti-miR-1246 microRNA construct bacterial streak

MZIP1246-PA-1 Bacterial Streak
EUR 620

miRZip-1248 anti-miR-1248 microRNA construct bacterial streak

MZIP1248-PA-1 Bacterial Streak
EUR 620

miRZip-1287 anti-miR-1287 microRNA construct Bacterial streak

MZIP1287-PA-1 Bacterial Streak
EUR 620

Mouse Anti M13 Bacteriophage Monoclonal Antibody,Biotin

DMABT-54838MM 0.1 mg
EUR 1070.4

PMA Real-Time PCR Bacterial Viability Kit - E. coli O157:H7 (Z3276)

31037 1kit
EUR 513.6
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 1kit

PMA Real-Time PCR Bacterial Viability Kit - E. coli (uidA) PMAxx

31050-X 1kit
EUR 513.6
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 1kit

Bacterial Protein Lysis Buffer, 1x Stength Solution

BSP023-25ml 25ml, 20prep
EUR 91.32

According to the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) charter, iPSC formation was confirmed by comparatively analyzing hESC markers via colony morphology, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, gene expression profiling of the three germ layers, and karyotyping. Our results demonstrated that iPSCs were similar to hESCs with regard to morphology, proliferation, hESC-specific surface marker expression, and differentiation into the cell types of the three germ layers.

The efficient generation of iPSCs from the renal tubular cells of an AS patient would provide a novel model to investigate the mechanisms underlying AS and to develop new treatments for AS.

Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from renal tubular cells of a patient with Alport syndrome.
Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from renal tubular cells of a patient with Alport syndrome.

The regulation of science and the Charter of Rights: would a ban on non-reproductive human cloning unjustifiably violate freedom of expression?

Non-Reproductive Human Cloning (NRHC) allows researchers to develop and clone cells, including non-reproductive cells, and to research the etiology and transmission of disease. The ability to clone specific stem cells may also allow researchers to clone cells with genetic defects and analyze those cells with more precisions. Despite those potential benefits, Parliament has banned such cloning due to a myriad of social and ethical concerns. In May 2002, the Canadian Government introduced Bill C-13 on assisted human reproductive technologies. Bill C-13 deals with both the scientific and the clinical use of human reproductive materials, and it prohibits a number of other activities, including NRHC. Although the Supreme Court of Canada has never ruled on whether scientific experiments area form of expression, academic support exists for this notion. The authors go through the legal analysis that would be required to find that scientific experiments are expression, focusing in part on whether NRHC could be considered violent and thus fall outside the protection of section 2(b). The latter question is complicated by the ongoing policy debate over whether an “embryonic cell” is property of human life. The authors then consider whether a ban on NRHC could be justified under section 1 of the Charter. They conclude that both the breadth of the legislative purpose and the proportionality of the measure are problematic. Proportionality is a specific concern because the ban could be viewed as an outright denial of scientific freedom of expression. Although consistent with current jurisprudence on freedom of expression, this paper runs against the flow of government policy in the areas of regulation and prohibition of non-reproductive human cloning. As there has been no Charter litigation to date on whether scientific research is a form of expression, the authors introduce a new way of looking at the legality of the regulation of new reproductive technologies.

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